Black Widow Spiders :: Biology Biological Spiders Research Spider Essays

Adult black widow spiders have a shiny, black, rounded, pecker abdomen and argon near 1/3 inch long ( about 1-1/2 inches when their legs atomic number 18 spread). Adult spiders have two reddish or chickenhearted triangles on their bottom which looks like an hourglass marking, and their body color is down in the mouth colored usually black or sometimes dark brown. They ar usually accepted because of their red or red-orange hourglass design on the bottom of their abdomen. This pattern is changeable and may look like two separated spots. In some spiders there is no pattern on the abdomen. The immature stages of both sexes of the widow spiders have red or red-orange or yellow spots and strips on the top of their abdomen. Females are colored gray or pale brown. Their color gets darker as they get older. The hourglass pattern on the underside of the abdomen forms throughout their development. Male widow spiders are smaller about 1/4 inch long, and theyre usually not black in overa ll color, instead it looks like a light brown or gray. Male widows have an hourglass pattern too. When they are full-grown they have large knob-like shapes called pedipalps, which start from the head. But to females they still look the same. Newly hatched spiderlings are white or a yellowish-white, eventually turning blackish when they get older. Adolescents of both sexes look like the male.Black Widow spiders build loose and wavelike mesh-type webs of rough silk in dark places usually outdoors. And build their webs near the ground (sometimes inside of houses) but mainly they build them outside. Black Widows can be erect near the ground in dark undisturbed areas. Nest sites are near holes made by small animals, or around construction openings and woodpiles. likewise they can be found around low shrubs which are usual sites for widow spiders. Black widows are also found inside in dark undisturbed areas like behind furniture or under desks and in undisturbed basement areas and craw l spaces of homes are areas where black widow nests are. They dont produce a web like the weaving spiders do or the funnel pattern webs that the funnel weaver spiders make. The female lays eggs in silken cocoon sacs about 1/2-inch in width. The sack is a pear shaped, and is a creamy yellow, light gray, or light brown in color. They usually lay about 300 to 400 eggs per sac and have 4 to 9 egg

Biography of William Edward Burghardt DuBois :: Biographies Pan-Africanist Racism Essays

Biography of William Edward Burghardt DuBoisWilliam Edward Burghardt DuBois, to his admirers, was by spirited devotion and scholarly dedication, an attacker of injustice and a defender of freedom. A harbinger of disgraceful nationalism and Pan-Africanism, he died in self-imposed exile in his home away from home with his ancestors of a glorious pastAfrica.Labeled as a radical, he was ignored by those who hoped that his massive contributions would be buried along side of him. But, as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote, history cannot ignore W.E.B. DuBois because history has to reflect legality and Dr. DuBois was a tireless explorer and a gifted discoverer of social truths. His singular greatness lay in his quest for truth about his have got people. There were very few scholars who concerned themselves with honest study of the black man and he sought to fill this immense void. The degree to which he succeeded let on the great dimensions of the man. His Formative YearsW.E.B. DuBois wa s born on February 23, 1868 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. At that time Great Barrington had perhaps 25, but not more than 50, gloomy people out of a population of about 5,000. Consequently, there were little signs of overt racism there. Nevertheless, its venom was distributed through a constant barrage of apocalyptic innuendoes and vindictive attitudes of its residents. This mutated the personality of young William from good natured and outgoing to sullen and withdrawn. This was later reinforced and strengthened by inner withdrawals in the face of real discriminations. His doings of introspection haunted him throughout his life. While in high school DuBois showed a keen concern for the development of his race. At age fifteen he became the local correspondent for the New York Globe. And in this position he conceived it his duty to push his race forward by lectures and editorials reflecting upon the need of Black people to politicized themselves.DuBois was naturally gifted i ntellectually and took pleasurable pride in surpassing his fellow students in academic and different pursuits. Upon graduation from high school, he, like many other New England students of his caliber, desired to attend Harvard. However, he lacked the financial resources to go to that institution. But with the aid of friends and family, and a scholarship he received to Fisk College (now University), he eagerly headed to Nashville, Tennessee to advertise his education.This was DuBois first trip south. And in those three years at Fisk (18851888) his knowledge of the race problem became more definite.

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

The movie created by David Merrick as advantageously as the novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, both(prenominal) entitled The Great Gatsby, ate truly two fine pieces of art. The movie version shows the peach what is happening in the stage without internal comments from the narrator and the viewer can understand exactly what is happening without any intellectual thought involved. The novel, however, challenges the reader to look deep inside the writing in order to attain the true effect of the novel and what kind of meaning is being portrayed. The novel also challenges the readers creativity and imagination. It lets the reader explore the book of factss personalities in their own special centering and the reader can relate these personalities to real life. The novel also allows the reader more freedom that the move, in the way that it lets the reader shape their own opinions of the different characters. As a person watches the movie version, all the characters are laid out f or them and every detail of the character is seen, yet in the novel the character is described fully and it is up to the readers imagination to picture what the character looks like as well as the emotions conveyed by this character in the novel. The novel version of The Great Gatsby is a definite piece of art and clearly challenges the reader both intellectually and imaginatively to understand the words that describe the character accurately. Therefore the novelThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is still the best representation of the Romantic Hero and his American Dream, despite efforts by interpreters like David Merrick in his film version to "usurp" it, for the author challenges the readers imagination through his brilliant narrative technique, persistent characterization, and use of symbolism, so that Gatsbys experience becomes everyones.     The novel is told in the perspective of a single character, Nick Carraway. Nick is an innocent and simp listic character and when the story is conveyed through this type of character it usually is told truly, and without any outside influence from the other characters in the plot. Nicks telling of the story is taken from his depression hand accounts on how he sees the story unfold, straightforward and in the order that it occurs without confusion. Nick is a very moralistic man and his morals, and also his values, are positively genuine. His heart is filled with compassion, especially for Gatsby and the events that surrounded Gatsbys death as he was one of three people that were at this great mans funeral.

A Good Man is Hard to Find, by Flannery OConnor :: Good Man Is Hard to Find Essays

A Good Man is Hard to Find, by Flannery OConnor In the short story, A Good Man is Hard to Find, by Flannery OConnor, every(prenominal) object including the characters are symbols. The Grandmother, who is the one and only dynamic character, represents all of us who have repented. The story is, as Flannery OConnor has suggested a spiritual journey because of the Grandmothers Plight. In the line of descent of the story the Grandmother is obsessed with everything worldly and superficial. She cares far too much about how others perceive her, Her collars and cuffs were white organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a maam (OConner 138).She gets dressed up for a car trip so that, on the off chance that they would be in a car wreck and that in that wreck she would be thrown from the car and laying on the pavement, she w ould be happy because the people passing would think that she is a lady. This represents us as public because daily we choose to be way too self-conscience. Think about females and make-up. Make-up is a perfect example of us caring a majuscule deal about what others think of us. She is also very selfish in her endeavors. Instead of caring about what is best for the family, she wants to go to Tennessee because she has friends there whom she would like to see. at that place are three phases of thought for the Grandmother. During the first phase, which is in the beginning, she is completely focused on herself in relation to how others think of her. The Second Phase occurs when she is speaking to The Misfit. In the story, The Misfit represents a quasi-final judgment. He does this by acting like a mirror. He lets whatever The Grandmother says bounce right off him. He never actually agrees with her or disagrees, and in the end he is the one who kills her. His second to last line , She would of been a good woman, The Misfit said, if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life, (OConner 152). talent be the way OConner felt about most of us alive, or how she felt that God must feel about us.

Energy Needed Essay -- Environment Oil Fossil Fuels Papers

postal code NeededAs the world population soars, we as a global community are met with a need to fulfill the cleverness requirements of this increasing population. plausibly no one is in complete agreement on how to accomplish this. The World muscle Conference has concluded that efficacy inevitably in 3 decades will be 75% higher than today. The popular concern over render usance that was so prevalent following the 1970 inunct crunches has gone by the wayside. This concern has recently been revived, but the action is still left to other people. One commonwealth of concern is the environmental impact of our consumption of fossil fuels. The use of these fuels are often blamed for global warming, however the reasons are still under much debate. We are generally looking to fulfil better fuel susceptibility. But with lowering fuel costs, sometimes this is not a priority. Political and economic interests tend to maintain the status quo. The 1970 oil shocks change magnitude o ur fuel efficiency tremendously, but we still have a ways to go relative to European countries or Japan(Chase). The current energy fuse is also an area for debate. This has changed throughout the past couple centuries--are we in the process of another transition, is a change necessary? Currently oil is the principle energy supplier, followed by char and natural gas. Natural gas would seem poised to become the fuel of the 21st century with advantages over coal and oil and universe more great than previously thought (Chase). The view of the World Energy Council and other organizations is to maintain the current trend, but shift reliance somewhat toward other fossil fuels ilk lignate or shale. With this scenario large technological or policy changes will not have to occur (Flavin and Lensse... ...p//www.eia.doe.gov/neic/infocard.html 11-13-96.Flavin, Christopher. USA Today Harnessing the Sun and Wind. Nov. 1995.Flavin, Christopher and Nicholas Lenssen. beyond the Petroleum seque nce Designing a Solar Economy. Washington, D.C. Worldwatch Institute, 1990.Flavin, Christopher and Niccholas Lenssen. Power Surge Guide to the Coming Energy Revolution. New York W. W. Norton and Company, 1994.Hoagland, William. Scientific American Solar Energy. Sept. 1995.Kazloff, Keith Lee. surround Renewable Energy Technology an urgent need, hard sell. November 1994.Matthews, W. Samuel. National Geographic Is Our World Warming? Oct. 1990.Potts, M. The Mother Earth News The Future of Solar is Now. Aug./Sept. 1995. join States Interagency Task result on Solar Energy. Project Independence . Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing, 1995. Energy Needed Essay -- Environment Oil Fossil Fuels PapersEnergy NeededAs the world population soars, we as a global community are met with a need to fulfill the energy requirements of this increasing population. Probably no one is in complete agreement on how to accomplish this. The World Energy Conference has concluded that energy needs in 3 decades will be 75% higher than today. The popular concern over fuel consumption that was so prevalent following the 1970 oil crunches has gone by the wayside. This concern has recently been revived, but the action is still left to other people. One area of concern is the environmental impact of our consumption of fossil fuels. The use of these fuels are often blamed for global warming, however the reasons are still under much debate. We are generally looking to achieve better fuel efficiency. But with lowering fuel costs, sometimes this is not a priority. Political and economic interests tend to maintain the status quo. The 1970 oil shocks increased our fuel efficiency tremendously, but we still have a ways to go relative to European countries or Japan(Chase). The current energy mix is also an area for debate. This has changed throughout the past couple centuries--are we in the process of another transition, is a change necessary? Currently oil is the principle energy s upplier, followed by coal and natural gas. Natural gas would seem poised to become the fuel of the 21st century with advantages over coal and oil and being more abundant than previously thought (Chase). The view of the World Energy Council and other organizations is to maintain the current trend, but shift reliance somewhat toward other fossil fuels like lignate or shale. With this scenario large technological or policy changes will not have to occur (Flavin and Lensse... ...p//www.eia.doe.gov/neic/infocard.html 11-13-96.Flavin, Christopher. USA Today Harnessing the Sun and Wind. Nov. 1995.Flavin, Christopher and Nicholas Lenssen. Beyond the Petroleum Age Designing a Solar Economy. Washington, D.C. Worldwatch Institute, 1990.Flavin, Christopher and Niccholas Lenssen. Power Surge Guide to the Coming Energy Revolution. New York W. W. Norton and Company, 1994.Hoagland, William. Scientific American Solar Energy. Sept. 1995.Kazloff, Keith Lee. Environment Renewable Energy Technology an urgent need, hard sell. November 1994.Matthews, W. Samuel. National Geographic Is Our World Warming? Oct. 1990.Potts, M. The Mother Earth News The Future of Solar is Now. Aug./Sept. 1995.United States Interagency Task Force on Solar Energy. Project Independence . Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing, 1995.

Energy Needed Essay -- Environment Oil Fossil Fuels Papers

get-up-and-go NeededAs the world population soars, we as a global community are met with a need to fulfill the dynamism requirements of this increasing population. in all the likelihood no one is in complete agreement on how to accomplish this. The World faculty Conference has concluded that ability unavoidably in 3 decades will be 75% higher than today. The popular concern over fuel using up that was so prevalent following the 1970 embrocate crunches has gone by the wayside. This concern has recently been revived, but the action is still left to some other people. One country of concern is the environmental impact of our consumption of fossil fuels. The practice session of these fuels are often blamed for global warming, however the reasons are still under much debate. We are generally looking to gain better fuel power. But with lowering fuel costs, sometimes this is not a priority. Political and economic interests tend to maintain the status quo. The 1970 oil shocks i ncrease our fuel efficiency tremendously, but we still have a ways to go relative to European countries or Japan(Chase). The current energy liquefy is also an area for debate. This has changed throughout the past couple centuries--are we in the process of another transition, is a change necessary? Currently oil is the principle energy supplier, followed by sear and natural gas. Natural gas would seem poised to become the fuel of the 21st century with advantages over coal and oil and being more abounding than previously thought (Chase). The view of the World Energy Council and other organizations is to maintain the current trend, but shift reliance somewhat toward other fossil fuels like lignate or shale. With this scenario large technological or policy changes will not have to occur (Flavin and Lensse... ...p//www.eia.doe.gov/neic/infocard.html 11-13-96.Flavin, Christopher. USA Today Harnessing the Sun and Wind. Nov. 1995.Flavin, Christopher and Nicholas Lenssen. beyond the Pet roleum get on Designing a Solar Economy. Washington, D.C. Worldwatch Institute, 1990.Flavin, Christopher and Niccholas Lenssen. Power Surge Guide to the Coming Energy Revolution. New York W. W. Norton and Company, 1994.Hoagland, William. Scientific American Solar Energy. Sept. 1995.Kazloff, Keith Lee. purlieu Renewable Energy Technology an urgent need, hard sell. November 1994.Matthews, W. Samuel. National Geographic Is Our World Warming? Oct. 1990.Potts, M. The Mother Earth News The Future of Solar is Now. Aug./Sept. 1995. unify States Interagency Task chock up on Solar Energy. Project Independence . Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing, 1995. Energy Needed Essay -- Environment Oil Fossil Fuels PapersEnergy NeededAs the world population soars, we as a global community are met with a need to fulfill the energy requirements of this increasing population. Probably no one is in complete agreement on how to accomplish this. The World Energy Conference has conclud ed that energy needs in 3 decades will be 75% higher than today. The popular concern over fuel consumption that was so prevalent following the 1970 oil crunches has gone by the wayside. This concern has recently been revived, but the action is still left to other people. One area of concern is the environmental impact of our consumption of fossil fuels. The use of these fuels are often blamed for global warming, however the reasons are still under much debate. We are generally looking to achieve better fuel efficiency. But with lowering fuel costs, sometimes this is not a priority. Political and economic interests tend to maintain the status quo. The 1970 oil shocks increased our fuel efficiency tremendously, but we still have a ways to go relative to European countries or Japan(Chase). The current energy mix is also an area for debate. This has changed throughout the past couple centuries--are we in the process of another transition, is a change necessary? Currently oil is the prin ciple energy supplier, followed by coal and natural gas. Natural gas would seem poised to become the fuel of the 21st century with advantages over coal and oil and being more abundant than previously thought (Chase). The view of the World Energy Council and other organizations is to maintain the current trend, but shift reliance somewhat toward other fossil fuels like lignate or shale. With this scenario large technological or policy changes will not have to occur (Flavin and Lensse... ...p//www.eia.doe.gov/neic/infocard.html 11-13-96.Flavin, Christopher. USA Today Harnessing the Sun and Wind. Nov. 1995.Flavin, Christopher and Nicholas Lenssen. Beyond the Petroleum Age Designing a Solar Economy. Washington, D.C. Worldwatch Institute, 1990.Flavin, Christopher and Niccholas Lenssen. Power Surge Guide to the Coming Energy Revolution. New York W. W. Norton and Company, 1994.Hoagland, William. Scientific American Solar Energy. Sept. 1995.Kazloff, Keith Lee. Environment Renewable Energy Technology an urgent need, hard sell. November 1994.Matthews, W. Samuel. National Geographic Is Our World Warming? Oct. 1990.Potts, M. The Mother Earth News The Future of Solar is Now. Aug./Sept. 1995.United States Interagency Task Force on Solar Energy. Project Independence . Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing, 1995.

“What Is Nazism and How Did Hitler Come to Power?”

Nazism stands for National Socialist German Workers Party. Adolf Hitler was the leader and expressed his ideas in his book Mein Kampf which, when translated into English, means my struggle. Nazism was a political party in Germany that began to gain power in the 1920s. Nazis believed that Germans were the superior prevail also known as Aryans. Even though Hitlers ideal race involved blonde hair and blue eyes, however, Aryans did not typically insure these criteria. Hitler had Nazi Storm Troopers fight in the streets against communists.The Nazis blamed the Weimar Republic for Germanys problems. The Nazis make and followed through on promises make to the German people, such as putting Germans back to work. Nazis also believed in Anti-Semitism, they hated all Jewish people and when the Nazis gained enough political power the Jewish people suffered. Many synagogues and businesses were destroyed during Kristallnacht. The Jews were no longer considered German citizens they lost their jobs , were forced to wear yellow stars on their clothing, and were not allowed to marry other German citizens.Hitler, like the Nazis came to power completely legally, yet shockingly after his actions of the past. After World War I, Hitler was a spy for the Weimar government. When he discovered that he agree with the Nazis, he left and became a part of the Nazi political party in 1920. Hitler made an attempt to seize power in Munich, Germany in 1921. He was unsuccessful and thrown in prison. Rather than exiling him back to Austria, or away from Germany, Hitler gained his citizenship in 1932. Due to the coarse Depression, Hitler and the Nazis popularity rose.There were nearly one million Nazi members during the Great Depression. Hitler made promises to end reparations, create jobs, and rearm Germany. Even though they despised him, some conservative politicians felt Hitler needed to be Chancellor. These people planned to purpose Hitler for their own benefits. After this, Hitler was appoi nted chancellor, democratically. Then, in 1934, he became the Fuhrer and established a new government. Within one year of Hitlers reign he made Germany into a one party state with Nazi flags raised high all across the country.

Bullying in the Philippines Essay

A few years ago, the idea that push around in the Philippines is widespread was thought to be a joke. People thought that bullying wasnt as bad as the bullying seen in Ameri gutter teen movies. We Filipinos thought that bullying isnt make up an issue here in our country. But recently, our eyes have been opened to the reality that bullying is a bigger issue in the Philippines than we originally thought. fall out of nowhere, cases like the online bullying of Chris eliminateher Lao, Tito Sotto, and the most recent case, Pauline Salvosa. It can really make us wonder how a country we thought of as Bully-free can produce such acts of hate towards a nonher. If people can bully others to this extent notwithstanding the publics eye, what about during their everyday lives where they are unsupervised and more freer to do whatever they want, whenever they want to do it whether it is in the workplace, home, and in this think overs case, at the school. This study lead focus on that.Stateme nt of the lineThe purpose of this study is to develop a deeper understanding of the effect that in-class bullying can have on a broad(prenominal) school teenager. It is important to study this issue because school is one of the foundations of the formation of an individuals character. A major challenge confronting DepEd here in the Philippines is the rising number of cases of in-class bullying in the country despite their efforts to stop the occurrence of In-Class Bullying. Sotto, Lao, and Salvosa were all greatly affected by the bullying. Salvoso and Lao were greatly depressed by the verbal attacks, Sotto even created a law against it. If these three victims were really shaken by the bullying, what about the other people who go through bullying every day in their neighborhood, in the workplace, and in school? What about the children in school who also experience this every day? If three grown adults are all affected by this, how more than greater does it affect the kids who are still developing their intellectual and emotional quotients? This will be the focus of the study, and the following questions will be answered 1.) How much of their self-concept is affected by the bullying? 2.) What actions do these teens consider as bullying?3.) Are there other factors that affect the development of the Self-Concept other than bullying? 4.) How much of their self-concept has changed over the period of time that the individual has been bullied? 5.) How do the teens cope with the bullying?Research ObjectivesThe study will aim to discover more about how bullying schools affect the formation of ones self-concept. It will supporter us in analyzing the effects, thus giving us more ways to deal with it. The explore will help open a new dimension of understanding for bullies, parents, and most importantly, the victims themselves, on how to approach the issue of bullying in schools and it will help pave the way in developing a better idea of how to handle a bullying sit uation. This study will also help us see how big an issue bullying has become here in Baguio city.In order to accomplish these objectives, a survey and a conversational compend of inter sides will be carried out. The surveys aim is to formulate a universal definition of what the students deem as bullying, while the inter positions will help the study determine how the students are affected by in-class bullying.Significance of the StudyBullying is becoming a rather big issue here in the Philippines and this study will help us understand the gravity of the issue that in-class bullying gives. There have been many cases of bullying here in the Philippines, even if we exclude the cyber-bullying cases. The Department of Education has even released a statement about the alarming increase of bullying cases in the country. It is imperative to know why this is fortuity and how it can be mitigated.The significance of this study is that it may help researchers may use this researchs findings as basis a related research topic. This study might even encourage these future researchers to delve deeper in the issue and create a more detailed and in-depth version of the research topic. It will also serve as basis in the study of the issues related to bullying, the self-concept, and the interpersonal communication patterns of individuals. The study will also provide more in-depth view of the issue of bullying because it focuses on a condition vital to the formation of ones self-concept. Through this study, students will become aware of the great effects that bullying can have on others and this can help reduce the occurrence of sever bullying cases. Finally, the results of this study will provide some insights and nurture on how much bullying can change an individuals view of himself/herself, how it can affect the way they interact with others, and how it can change their view of the world they live in.Scope and DelimitationsThe scope of the study will focus on 3rd year 4th year male and female high school students in Baguio city who are enrolled in schools here in Baguio. These schools are the University of Baguio Science High School.The study does not include students who do not have a junior standing in class. The study will not also focus on the schools that are not enrolled in the top three high schools in Baguio city. This study will not also include out of school teens.

Panera Case Essay

Company is a chain of eaterys, both company owned and franchised, that provides nutrient and beverages with more of a cafe experience as play off to a traditional fast food restaurant. Panera NAICS code is 722310, which is classified as food returns contractors. Food service contractors toilette be potentiometer be classified as cafeterias, fast food restaurants, or regular restaurants retributive to give away a few.In 2007 there were approximately 23,250 establishments in this industry, which was up from 20,693 in 2002 and 18,991 in 1997, which shows that mess argon continuously opening more and more restaurants apiece social class. Since 1997, the food industry chthonic this NAICS code has seen epoch-making increase in gross revenue. The total number of sales in this industry has more whence doubled since 1997, which evict be attributed to two things. One of those is that theyre a just more establishments break th hard-bitten there in 2007 then there were 10 years ago.The second, and plausibly around in-chief(postnominal) reason why sales fork over more then doubled, is that masses atomic number 18 just simply leaving out to eliminate more as oppose to cooking at home. victory in this industry is predicated on the ability to be commensurate to not nevertheless appeal to consumer taste and preferences but continually c bent-grassing product continueings to bleed on these customers happy and loyal to your restaurant. More often then not, companies in this industry fail and go out of stock prematurely beca example they ar not fit to appeal to a immense enough customer base.Obviously you moldiness go gr eat food in this industry, but equally as important is the location, customer service, prices, and prison term of day that you choose to do avocation. If you enduret pass a handle on these items then you lead likely not make it old the first year without taking a substantial loss. Due to the fact that there ar opposi te types of motivatings among customers, there is no way one establishment can serve the needs of bothbody. Each restaurant must figure out the few things they do well up and service those customers whose needs fit into what that restaurants do well.Driving Forces One of the key driving forces in this industry may seem obvious and simple but it is the near important thing in this industry. The restaurants must ache best food to satisfy the ever-changing needs of customers. Since customers do put one across different preferences and these preferences could change at anytime, food companies must figure out a way to not whole attract, but also primary(prenominal)tain customer who love their food. However, to develop a sustainable advantage on taste alone is not likely when there ar so many options when volume eat away from home. wrong is also a driving force as it is with any industry. A company must be able to provide their products cheaper then their competition or be abl e to change over their customer base that their products be worth the extra buck. In order to justify customers spending more money on your products, you buzz off to manyhow differentiate your product. Typically, companies either make their products healthier or find divisions that make the products taste better then the competition if they atomic number 18 charging a premium price.If they are unable to convince consumers that their products are worth the premium price then they must figure out a way to propose down costs so they can charge as little as possible. With the economy struggling, this is a viable option for many companies in this industry. The at last driving force is in this industry is location. A prime location can make or break a company. A company can have the surmount food in the world and even offer their products at great prices, but without the ability to achieve the foot traffic, because of a lamentable location, the company is doomed before it is ev en started.A restaurant must pick a location that will be able to service as many people that they have identified as potential customers. For instance, a healthy sub shop may be inclined to locate their business next to a health spa where people workout. The restaurants that are able to find an optimal location give themselves a far better risk to succeed for many years. A great location can be a sustainable agonistical advantage and al impoverished companies to outperform their checks. Key triumph Factors One of the key success factors is to be able to adapt to customer taste and needs in this rapidly changing market.To put it plain and simple, people hold out tired of eating the same thing so in order for a company to be prosperous, Companies must have a wide variety of product offerings. This is why you see many restaurants introducing new products for their customers to try. They have trail stages to see if these new products will be a hit and if they are then they keep them on the menu. If their customers do not accept them then they take them off the menu and try something else. So not only must you have a great core group of food options on your menu, but you must be able to change up your menu so that customers dont get bored with the same options.An new(prenominal) key success factor in this industry is customer service. When people elect to eat out instead of eating at home, they expect to be treated well by the restaurant personnel. Obviously the level of customer service changes depending on the arse that an individual is eating at. The more money individual is spending then it is likely that they will expect better customer service. Part of going out to eat is the experience and bad customer service can cause a company to lose customer even if their products are shed light on of the line. Location is also a key success factor and a big one at that.Many companies that are unable to acquire a prime location are unable to stay in business. People dont urgency to have to go out of their way to go to a restaurant in close to cases so if a particular restaurant is not in a convenient place then they will not get some(prenominal) foot traffic. Foot traffic is the only way that companies in this industry can keep up with their financial obligations and reach a profit. I can say from personal experience that I have chosen to go to a restaurant based on restroom of the location and I feel that I am not the only one who has made a decision like this when choosing a place to eat.Porters phoebe bird Forces Threat of New Entrants The terror of new entrants in the food service contractor industry is extremely high. The restaurant industry is one of the most entered industries year in and year out. The barriers to open a restaurant are nowhere near as high as new(prenominal) industries and if a restaurant proprietor can find a niche group of customers in a good location then they can be profitable. However, this is a fea t that is much easier said then done. Although it is precise feasible for new entrants to enter into this industry, it is definitely not an industry that is easy to have tenaciousevity in.The threat of new entrants for Panera scrape is not as high as some of the other restaurants in the industry. They have many established cafes all across the country that have been successful for years and would be hard for new entrants to compete on their level. In local markets a new entrant may be able to baseball swing the business of one individual store but it would be much more difficult for a start up to undercut Panera in the depicted object or even the regional scene.Also, the fact that Panera scar has a very aggressive growth strategy makes it even more problematic for new entrants to be able to compete at the level the Panera is on because they are always playing catch up. Substitute Products Substitute products are very prevalent in this industry and it affects all restaurants t hat are in the food service contractor industry. If you ride down a main street in any fitting size city in this country for five minutes you will pass at least one hundred places to eat. Each one of these places is a championship for one another, which makes this industry one of the most competitive industries that we have.With the number of restaurants growing, there are going to await to be a plethora of substitute products. Also, items that people purchase at grocery stores and cook themselves are substitutes for restaurants in this industry. Americans are becoming more cognizant of what they put in their body and the best way to be absolutely sure that what you are putting in your body is exactly what you want is to prepare the food yourself. Just like all(prenominal) other company in this industry, Panera Bread is not immune to substitute products and must always account for other companies that offer substitute products. at that place are many viable eating options for cu stomers in close proximity with nearly all Panera Bread cafe. With this universe the case, Panera must always look for ways to continue to bring customers into their cafes instead of those customers picking another option. Panera has been able to offer some unique products that are perceived as healthy which al little them to lessen the threat of some substitutes but it would be nearly impossible to get rid of the threat of substitute products because there are so many options. Perhaps the most difficult thing for foes to be able to duplicate is the experience that is provided at Panera.Although there are other companies who are able to offer a kind dinning experience in the fast- mundane restaurant industry, there is no substitute for this type of customer service. Either you have quality service for your customers or you dont. federal agency of Suppliers The power of suppliers in this industry is relatively low. This is due to the fact that there are often many possible supp liers to supply the needs of the restaurants. When this is the case, suppliers have no negotiating power to charge extremely high prices and must come to terms with the restaurants that are purchasing the various ingredients that go into their products.If suppliers are able to develop an ingredient that is rare or somehow do a value chain activity better then other supplier then they may have more negotiating power. However, even with this fact, the majority of the power in this relationship lies with the restaurants that are make the purchases. Panera Bread has 17 regional facilities that make all of its dough and then it is shipped out to each individual store. These facilities are owned or franchised out by Panera Bread, which gives them a huge competitive advantage.They control every step of the making of their main ingredient and this obviously gives them all of the power when it comes to purchasing dough. As long as the people who work there are satisfied then they will have no problem with having there dough needs met. They do ensure that these facilities make a profit but obviously not at the expense of Panera Bread. However, with other products that they use such as paper goods, coffee, and sweet goods, they use independent distributors to meet these needs. These suppliers have a very low amount if power when negotiating with Panera.These suppliers likely depend heavily on the Panera account to survive so they must meet virtually all of Paneras requests if they want to continue to do business with them. Some products that each individual store may have to order on a frequent basis may find that they have a little less negotiating power if a particular supplier is able to delivery these supplies on a timely basis. With this being said, the bulk of the power lies with Panera and not the suppliers. Power of Buyers The power of buyers in this industry is extremely high for various reasons.The main one is that there are low switching costs when an individ ual chooses to go from fast-casual restaurant to fast-casual restaurant. The only real cost may be one place may be besides then the other which brings gas prices into play but typically these types of restaurants are located in similar areas so this is not that big of a factor. Anytime someone is spending money in a saturated market with several options, the consumer has all the power. The only way for restaurants to get some of the power back is to offer products that are perceived to be better then the competition.Panera Bread customers have an extremely high degree of power just like customers that buy food within this strategic group in the market. There are viable options for customers of Panera to choose from which always puts Panera in a position in which they have to convince customers that Panera is the best option to meet their needs. Panera must continue to evolve their menu and keep coming up with new items that keep their customers coming back for more. This is the on ly way that they can take some of the power back from their customers. Rivalry Among Competitive SellersEverybody wants a piece of the American Dream in this country and the good thing active this country is that through hard work and dedication, anyone can be successful. With this being the case, there is fierce competition in virtually every industry in our country. The food service contractor industry is no exception to this fact and possibly is more competitive then most other industries. There are major players at every single level of this industry and each individual company is always looking for a thin advantage over their competitors.The fast-casual sector of this industry is rapidly growing and it is likely that we will continue to see more and more companies vying for market share in this industry. The fact that people are spending significant dollars in fast-casual restaurants gives companies in this industry a golden opportunity for continued growth. Panera Bread has been able to mangle out a niche in the fact that their dough process is not easily duplicated and nobody has been able to create products quite like Panera Bread. So, in this respect there is not a competitor that is selling the exact same thing that they are selling.However, I feel that Starbucks is a close competitor and they may have some of the same customers. When you think about a place that you can go and hang out with friends or catch up on some work or read a good book, Starbucks definitely comes to mind. In this relationship, Starbucks is definitely big brother and has far more locations around the world then Panera does so they obviously bring in more revenues yearly. Panera is trying to duplicate the atmosphere of a casual place to hang out but they are still playing catch up at this point in time.I also think Chipotle is a competitive rival but for different reasons then Starbucks. Chipotle is a fast-casual restaurant that has been able to create a product that consume rs consider different and real tasty. It is a place that you can order and get your food relatively quickly and sit down and enjoy your meal with friends on the inside of the restaurant or outside. Although Chipotle definitely doesnt have the atmosphere that Panera Bread has, it is very believable that when people are sick of fast food and are looking for a fast-casual restaurant to eat at, these two places come up.I can speak from experience that this has definitely been the case for myself on numerous occasions. Internal Analysis trick up & VRIO modelling SWOT Analysis Strengths A. Strong Brand designation B. Atmosphere of Restaurants C. Own Subsidiary for there main ingredient Weaknesses A. Lack of external/domestic presence in comparison to competitors Opportunities A. Expand Domestically/Internationally B. Continue to elaborate catering activities Threats A. Recession B. New Restaurants Strengths Panera Bread has been able to continually grow and make significant dollars ye ar in and year out because they have many things that they do well.One of these strengths is the cross out name Panera Bread. When people think of Panera they automatically think of a fast-casual restaurant with good food. It is somewhere that people can go and not ease up significant dollars and walk away being happy with the food that they ate. This is probably the biggest strength that you can have in this industry because if your restaurant name is not associated with quality food then you have no chance of bring home the bacon in the restaurant business. After all, nobody wants to eat food that is not enjoyable going down.Another strength that Panera has is the atmosphere and dinning experience that they provide for their customers. When people think of Panera they think of someplace that can offer relaxation for themselves as well as friends. Its just a great hang out number where people can catch up on homework, read a good book, and hang out with friends all while enjoy ing some of the great products that Panera Bread offers. Panera is also able to produce its own dough, which is strength in two ways. The first is the most obvious.They can cut out significant costs when buy from their accessory and dont have to worry about not being satisfied with the end product because ultimately they are producing it. Also, since dough is their main ingredient and what they are famous for they would not want outside knowledge of this trade secret. By producing the dough themselves minimizes significantly the possibility of other companies being able to capitalize on Paneras trade secret. Weaknesses The biggest weakness that I saw in doing this case study is the fact that they have a lack of an transnational presence.If they are trying to compete with Starbucks with there dinning experience then they need to be everyplace that Starbucks does business so that customers can choose. This type of expansion could concoct more revenues as well as continuing to incr ease their sacrosanct brand name. Domestically they do have a strong presence in the market but they are not at the level that Starbucks is at. Opportunities Panera has several opportunities to improve their position in the market place. One of those opportunities is to continue to have an aggressive attitude about elaborateing domestically and also to turn some of that energy into international endeavors.Domestically they have a strong presence but if they are going to overtake Starbucks as The fast-casual restaurant then they need to continue to find new markets to put their stores in. Currently they do not have an international sector at all. This is limiting their growth potential significantly and not really giving them a chance to be at the top of the totem terminus in their sector of the restaurant business. International expansion could help Panera take their brand name to new heights. Another opportunity they have is to continue to expand their catering sector of their co mpany.In 2004 they started to make a hard push into catering for other locations outside of the stores. By the end of 2005 they saw about 80 million dollars in sales in new sales from this catering sector. The ability to generate these types of sales in this short period of time gives Paneras management incentive to continue to explore this opportunity. Threats The recession is a huge threat to all businesses that do not provide something that is a basic need for survival. Although Panera does provide food, which is a necessity, they still have to fight with the recession, as people do not eat out as much during tough economic times.Instead, people penny pinch and try to cut down on as many things as possible. Although they could discount their products and possibly generate more sales during this tough economic time, this strategy could make people start to associate their brand as being generic. This strategy would ultimately hurt them in the long run. Another threat would be new restaurants coming into territory that they do business in and undercutting some of their sales. People have ever-changing taste and are always looking for the new hot thing.Since this is the case, new restaurants that are able to get the attention of consumers in the areas that Panera has restaurants in could pose a huge threat. VRIO Framework Sustainable competitive advantage is the key to any companys long-term success. Are any of Paneras strengths sustainable? Strong Brand Name Valuable Yes, a strong brand name in the business world is very valuable. It is especially valuable in the restaurant business because when people associate your brand name with having good food then people are automatically going to come in your place of business to get food.Also, this strong brand name gets people talking about your products and word of mouth advertisement is amongst the top if not the top form of advertising. Rare zero(prenominal) a strong brand name is not rare in the restaurant bu siness. Many other restaurants in the fast-casual sector have a brand name that is associated with good food. This is the reason why there are so many of these types of restaurants out there that are able to perform well year in and year out. Although there are many restaurants that are able to build a strong brand name, there are many more that are not able to establish this strong brand name.Most restaurants fail within the first year because of this fact. Imitated Easily (Immutable) No developing a strong brand name is not easy. It takes years of creating quality products that people grow to love. Another way is to come up with something so innovative that people have no choice but to recognize that food product with your brand name. Both of these scenarios are extremely hard to pull off successfully. Organization Yes, the Panera face is very committed to continuing to build their brand name.This is especially evident in how they franchise their company out to other people. Thei r franchise owners have to stand by to genuine rules and regulations in order to open up a Panera Bread restaurant. Atmosphere of Restaurants Valuable Yes this is a very valuable persuasion of their restaurants. The fast casual style gives Panera bread an edge over other restaurants and makes it more then just a place that you can get great food. The amenities that are offered at Panera bread makes it a prosperous place to eat as well as do various other activities such as hang out with friends or catch up on work.They opened their doors with the idea that the overall atmosphere is what was going to set them apart from others and give them a competitive advantage and that is precisely what they have been able to do. Rare Yes and No. This overall atmosphere is available in most coffee shops around the world so from that perspective its not that rare. However, it is rare in the fact that they have been able to expand into one of the top brands in this sector and are really only se cond to Starbucks as far as atmosphere goes. They compete on a level that most coffee shops cant. Imitated Easily (Immutable) Yes and No.Anybody can set up wireless internet and make a space conducive to hanging out and reading books. So in love to this it is easily imitated. The part that is not easily imitated that Panera has been able to accomplish is that they are recognized by a large number of consumers as a place to go and do the activities mentioned above. Organization Yes, the Panera Organization is committed to making their restaurant a place where people can go be in a friendly atmosphere. That was the whole basis of what they conception would create their competitive advantage when they opened their doors.Own a Subsidiary for Their Main Ingredient Valuable Yes, the fact that they own subsidiaries that make their main ingredient is a huge advantage that they have. They are able to cut down on cost as well as always knowing that their doughs will be exactly what they are expecting. They dont have to ever worry about negotiating with outside vendors about prices or any other terms for this key ingredient. Also, they can protect their trade secret that is the ingredients and process of creating their dough. Rare No, they are most definitely not the first company to own a subsidiary that is apart of the value chain.Many companies vertically integrate to gain some of the benefits that I mentioned above. Imitated easily (Immutable) Yes, this is very easy to imitate. The company must have the capital investment to make this happen but gathering the money is not something that cant be imitated. Typically what keeps companies from doing this is that they can simply buy the materials needed at a cheaper cost versus creating these materials themselves. Organization Yes, Panera is obviously committed to making this subsidiary successful.They could have hired out someone else to make their doughs but then they would risk exposure of their trade secrets and may have to pay more for the dough. The subsidiary not only cuts down on certain costs but also protects their process of making their doughs. Strategic woo Analysis Value Chain Analysis Primary Activities Supply Chain Management Panera Bread uses a subsidiary to supports its supply chain management as well as other independent suppliers. They get their dough, which is their key ingredient, from their subsidiary. This dough is used to make their assortments of breads, which is obviously what they are known for.They deliver the dough to each individual restaurant and then the restaurant bakes the bread so that the bread is fresh when it reaches the consumer. However, they do receive some of its ingredients for its doughs from other suppliers. Also, sweet goods, paper goods, pure ware, and coffee are bought from outside suppliers. Panera feels like it is cheaper to buy these products from various suppliers instead of producing them internally or through a subsidiary. operations Panera prides itself on being different from the pack in the world of fast casual restaurants.They do this by providing a friendly atmosphere in their restaurants in which their customers can come and get more then just food. This operation technique gives them an advantage over your average fast food restaurant but it is still someplace that you could go to get a meal quickly. Another key aspect of their operation is the fact that they are always changing the menu to appeal to the current customers as well as attract new ones. This is something that is necessary for any restaurant and has proven to be something that Panera does well. DistributionIn most major cities in the fall in States you can find a Panera Bread restaurant to eat at. This is the primary activity for Panera to get their products to the customer. In this regard, they compete just like every other restaurant in country. However, they are really starting to pick up their catering sector of their company and this could lea d to new customers and more revenue. Not only does catering give them another way to sale their products, but it may also expose individuals to Panera for the first time if they are at the catered event. Support Activities develop of MouthWord of mouth is a huge support activity for pretty much every successful restaurant in the country. This is especially true(a) for Panera Bread since they really dont do too much to market their restaurant. They rely heavily on current customers substantiating experiences at their restaurant to spark them to tell somebody else. Through this positive word of mouth they are able to gain loyal customers, which is why they are able to sustain their company. Franchises Paneras Franchise operations are a huge supplement for their company owned stores and they are able to generate significant revenue from their franchises.There is a significant investment required from a potential franchise owner. The franchises give Panera an opportunity to capitaliz e on their strong brand name. However, they must keep a close eye on each franchise so that they can maintain the Panera reputation. If they let the franchise operate under the Panera name without any rules then they are exposed to the risk of tainting their brand. Strategic Cost Analysis Competitive Strength Assessment Panera Bread Chipotle Starbucks Key achievement Factors Importance Weights Strength Score Strength Score Strength Score Brand Image 0. 25 9 2. 5 10 2. 5 10 2. 5 Restaurant Atmosphere 0. 2 8 1. 6 5 1 9 1. 8 Word of Mouth Advertising 0. 25 8 2 9 2. 25 8 2 Adjusting Menu To Adapt to Consumers 0. 1 9 0. 9 5 0. 5 6 0. 6 value 0. 2 8 1. 6 8 1. 6 6 1. 2 enumerate 1 42 8. 35 35 7. 85 39 8. 1 When performing the competitive strength assessment for restaurants that are in the same strategic group as Panera Bread there were several key success factors that were important. Panera, Chipotle, and Starbucks all performed well in this assessment but with the success factors that I felt were important, Panera did just barely edge out Starbucks.Brand Image was extremely high on the pedestal in the key success factors because in the restaurant business, how the public perceives you will either make or break your restaurant. all in all three companies performed well in this category but I felt that Starbucks International presence gave them a slight edge over Panera and Chipotle. I rated the restaurant atmosphere as a . 2 because I felt like it was a very important factor by not quite as important as brand image. Chipotle struggles with their restaurant atmosphere in comparison to the other two places however they are still able to succeed in this industry.They have not put as much importance on their dining experience where as Panera and Starbucks whole method for differentiating themselves from other fast-casual establishments are creating that strong dinning experience. However, Starbucks also wins this category by a small margin. Word of mouth advertising is a . 25 because this is how you grow as a company. When you are able to get your loyal customers to get prospective customers to try out their products then restaurants give themselves a great opportunity to retain new customers.I thought that all of these places do a good job with generating this type of advertising but based on my experiences, Chipotle gets a little more of this type of advertising then the other two, especially from college students. The only one of these three that really makes a true effort to change up their menu is Panera Bread. They are perpetually introducing new things to appeal to their customers. However, I didnt feel as if this was nearly as important as some of the other key success factors.Chipotle and Starbucks have been able to create a menu that their customers like and are not likely to grow bored of eating which is why they are still successful. Since they dont put an emphasis on changing their menu much, Panera takes this category relatively easy. Price is important within the restaurant business especially during these rough economic times. People are much more cognizant of where their money is spent. Chipotle and Panera offer quality products at decent prices even in these tough times. On the contrary, Starbucks would be on the pricier side especially when it comes to their food selection.They dont offer big portions and individuals would likely still be hungry shortly after(prenominal)ward leaving the restaurant. Panera and Chipotle tied in this category as both of them offer good prices for valuable menu items. Financial Analysis The following are some basic income statements for Panera Bread and Chipotle as well as some financial Ratios. I chose these 2 because they are similar in size and are both considered fast-casual restaurants although they do serve different menu items. I do feel that Starbucks is a competitor of Panera Bread as well but they are a much larger company and there statements would make for a very good comparison.Panera Bread mastery of Operations (% of revenue) 2007 2006 Revenue 100% 100% heart and soul Cost and Expenses 92% 89% Operating Profit 8% 11% Income before taxes 8% 11% Net Income 5% 7% Panera Bread Statement of Operations ($ in thousands) 2007 2006 Revenue 1,066,691 828,971 Total Cost and Expenses 977,801 736,295 Operating Profit 88,890 92,676 Income before taxes 88,890 92,676 Net Income 57,456 58,849 Chipotle Statement of Operations (% of revenue) 2007 2006 Revenue 100% 100% Total Costs and Expenses 89. 5% 92% Operating Profit 10. 5% 8% Income before taxes 10. 5% 8%Net Income 6% 5% Chipotle Statement of Operations ($ in thousands) 2007 2006 Revenue 1,085,782 822,930 Total Cost and Expenses 971,780 754,675 Operating Profit 114,002 68,255 Income before taxes 114,002 68,255 Net Income 70,563 41,423 Ratio Gross Profit gross profit margin Net Profit Margin Operating Profit Margin Panera 2007 .74 .05 .08 Panera 2006 .76 .07 .11 Chipotle 2007 .68 .06 .10 Chipotl e 2006 .69 .05 .075 Return on Assets Current Ratio Return on S/E Equity Panera 2007 .08 1. 17 .13 Panera 2006 .11 1. 19 .15 Chipotle 2007 .105 2. 75 .126 Chipotle 2006 .08 2. 92 .087As you can see both of these companies are doing well and have been able to turn a nice size profit for these past 2 years. However, Chipotle has been able to grow from 2006 to 2007 as their net profit margin went up by 1% whereas Panera Breads has dropped 2%. I think the newness of Chipotle has given them an advantage in these early years but I dont think it will be sustainable once people get use to the menu. The recession has hurt Panera more then Chipotle but due to the low liabilities that Panera has, they are still able to make a profit in 2007 that is not much lower then the profit from 2006.I believe that the overall dinning experience and the variety of the Panera menu will prove to be a sustainable competitive advantage going forward over many of its rivals and will provide them financial well- being. Business Strategy Analysis Porters generic wine Strategy Panera Breads goal is to create the greatest amount of value for the customers when they walk into one of their restaurants. The generic strategy that most closely resembles what they are trying to accomplish is Best-Cost Provider Strategy. This is providing quality products at a cheaper price then what you can get elsewhere.Full meals at Panera can be bought for very reasonable prices and there various bread selections give them an advantage over other fast-casual establishments. So on the basis of taste their products can be considered a bang for your buck. Also, they provide an atmosphere known as Panera Warmth which is something that is not provided at many other places. Between the reasonable prices for the quality products and the customer friendly environment, they are able to provide more value for their customers then most other fast-casual restaurants. Corporate Strategies DiversificationDiversification in Pa nera Bread has been an important aspect since they have been open for business. Starting as a company called Au Bon Pain in the 80s, they would eventually change to the Panera name once it took off. This was a move that allowed them to really expand their brand in the 90s and into the 2000s. Another thing that they did to diversify their company was purchasing majority of paradise Bakery and Cafe in 2007. Paradise had 70 locations, which gave Panera more restaurants as well as some other knowledge that came along with the purchase.Panera has a very aggressive growth strategy and picture to have 2000 stores open by the en of 2010 in the United States. This type of growth strategy has the potential allow Panera to continue to climb the ladder to being one of the top fast-casual restaurants. Issue 1 A big issue that I see with Panera bread at this point in time is their untapped markets not only domestically but also internationally. They have several major cities that do not have Pa nera Bread in the city at all which is not allowing them to maximize their earning potential.Also, they have no international presence at all. These cafe style restaurants would likely catch on well internationally considering the success that Starbucks has had with their international establishments. Recommendation Panera Bread should continue with their aggressive growth strategy. They must make sure that they tap into some of the major city markets that they have yet to such as New York City, Washington D. C. , and New Orleans. Panera needs to have several locations in these cities and should make it a goal to have at least 20 in these cities by 2012.Also, they should continue to add restaurants in places like Miami and Seattle where they only have 2 and 5 establishments respectively. In competitive markets in the United States, Starbucks has more then 8 times as many locations as Panera. This is a huge problem is if they ever want to be on the same level as Starbucks. Internatio nally, they should pick a few countries where cafes are popular and try to tap into those markets. However, internationally I think that they should take their time instead of implementing the fast growth strategy that they have in the United States.I think they should try to have 100 restaurants internationally by 2012. They have to tap into the international market if they ever want to truly compete with Starbucks and they are in a good position financially now to expand slowly in the international market. Issue 2 Another big issue that is lingering with not only Panera Bread but also every single restaurant is the recession. This recession has hit many Americans hard financially and they have not been eating out as much. This decreases the amount of possible business that fast-casual restaurants can get and this includes Panera Bread.They must figure out a way to continue to grow despite the tough economic times. Recommendation 2 There are a number of things that Panera Bread can do to offset this rough economic stretch that we are in. One of those things is to offer discounts on certain menu items but only make this discount good for a certain period of time. This makes people feel like they are getting a deal on Paneras products and be more likely to pull in during lunch as oppose to packing their lunch. The limited time on the discounts ensures that your products dont become generic which is also important for when the recession is over.Another thing that they can do if offer free food to customers after they have purchased so many products from the menu. This gives customers incentive to eat out at Panera even in the midst of a recession.

In the play “Twelfth Night” Shakespeare bases the plot around a variety of different themes

In the play Twelfth dark, Shakespeare bases the plot around a variety of different themes. The themes of disguise, music, loss and death are subtly introduced, however, the main theme of bask is dramatically introduced by Orsinos first lineIf music be the food of love play on.As well as using a variety of themes, Twelfth Night incorporates the different kinds of love that can have an progeny on people. These types of love range from familiarly love to instantaneous love and from unrequited love to impossible love. The use of the theme of love enables al most(prenominal) everybody to have-to doe with to events in the play. Love evokes a number of emotions and is a main ingredient, which brings comedy into the play.In Act 11 we turn around Olivias reaction to the death of her brother. Olivia takes suffer very seriouslyshe hath abjured herself from the sight and company of men,and takes a vow of chastity. She plans to mourn her brother for seven years and she hides herself from t he world plainly like a cloisters she forget veild walk.Olivia chooses to dwell on her loss and her strict grieve period could be assuren as selfish as life must go on. However, Olivia uses her brothers death to shut herself away from life.In Act 15 Feste tries to prove Olivia a fool for taking her mourning period to such an extent. Feste smartly tells Olivia that her brothers soul is in hell. She protests and insists that his soul is in nirvana Feste whence uses his quick-witted nature and says The more fool madonna, to mourn for your brothers soul organism in heavenAnother example of brotherly love is shown when we meet Viola after the shipwreck in Act 12. She too suffers the loss of a beloved brother notwithstanding unlike Olivia, Viola takes decisive action following his apparent death. She reacts sensibly and practically to a traumatic situation.She desperately wants her brother to be alive(p)O my poor brother And so perchance may he be.However she realises that she mus t react calmly and productively to get by in life Ill serve this Duke.. Violas love for Sebastian makes her determined and persistent to carry on.In Act 21 we see Sebastians caring nature and his mourning for his sister She is drownd already, sir, with salt water though I seem to drown her remembrance again with more.Sebastian shows intense spots of love and the desire to be reunited with his sister. When he sees Viola dressed as Cesario, he says if she were a womanI should let tears fall upon your cheek, And say, Thrice welcome, drownd Viola.Violas role and Sebastians deeply affectionate feelings towards his sister depict the closeness between he siblings.Instantaneous love is the most frequent type of love experienced by the characters throughout the play.In Act 11 we learn how Orsino fell in love with Olivia from a distance When mine eyes did first see Olivia first, me thought she purged the air of pestilence.This sighting of Olivia puts Orsino in a melodramatic, melancholy, lo vesick mood. These feelings, however, start to eat away at him. Here he uses food imagery,If music be the food of love play onand also shows his changeable fickle character when he says,Enough no more. Tis not so sweet now as it was before.This could also mean that if he has too much of a good thing, i.e. love, he ordain become sick of it and depart loving Olivia.Orsino cant express his feelings for Olivia and it is not long before we find that Olivia is actually in love with Viola/Cesario. We know that this is instantaneous love because Viola is dressed as a man, and she has fall for his appearance.It is evident that Olivia likes Viola/Cesario because she takes off her veil, in the sight and company of a man, when he/she comes to woo her for Orsino. She tells Viola/Cesario that she cannot love Orsino and says,Let him no more-unless you come to me again.Here she tells Orsino to stop wooing her, unless he is to send Viola/Cesario to do so.Olivia does not comprehend how it is possib le to fall in love so quicklyEven so quickly may one catch the plague?.To creep in at mine eyes could also indicate love at first sight. do-or-die(a) to see Viola/Cesario again, Olivia sends Malvolio after the youth, telling himHe left this ring behind him.It is in Act 22when Malvolio confronts Viola with the ring, Viola realises that Olivia loves herShe loves me sure the blind of her passion, Invites me in this churlish messenger.Instantaneous love is also introduced when Olivia and Sebastian meet, when she tries to prevent Sir Toby from drawing sword on whom she believes to be Cesario. Sebastian immediately falls in love with OliviaIf it be thus a dream, still let me sleepand despite her calling him Cesario, agrees to marry her.Although Orsino loves Olivia for her outward appearance he also falls for Cesarios versed character. He appreciates Viola/Cersarios trus iirthy character and after only a short period of time a strong bond ahs between the twoI have unclasped to thee my se cret soul.In Act 15 Orsino comments on Violas womanly attributes and nature Dianas lip is not more smooth and rubious thy teensy-weensy pipe is as the maidens organ shrill and sound.This is a good example of irony as Orsino is not yet aware that Viola/Cesario is actually a woman.After spending much time alone with Orsino, Viola falls in love. Her feelings start to fester, as she cant express her love due to her disguiseBut let concealment like a worm ith bud Feed on her damask cheek.Viola is very subtle about her feelings towards Orsino yet she modishly and indirectly tells him that she loves himAs it may be perhaps, were I a woman, I should your lordship.It is in Act 51 that Viola openly declares her love for Orsino. Orsino angrily leaves and Viola follows telling Olivia that she is goingAfter him I love, more than I love these eyes, more than my life. This explicit declaration of love comes despite Viola being disguised as a man. She also declares her love implicitly in the will ow cabin speech in Act 15 during, which she expresses the passion and rawness in the love that she has for Orsino.Impossible/forbidden love is also featured in the play. In Act 13 Sir Andrew tells of how he plans to woo Olivia but worriesYour niece will not be seen, or if she be, its four to one, shell none of me.Sir Toby, then, misleadingly says to Sir AndrewTut theres life int man.Here Sit Toby is telling Sir Andrew where there is life there is hope. Sir Andrew does not realise when people are taking advantage of his gullibility to make him the butt of their jokes.In Act 32 Sir Toby persuades Sir Andrew to challenge Viols/Cesario to a duel in order to impress Oliviathere is no love-broker in the world can more prevail in mans commendation with woman that deal valour.In a final attempt to woo Olivia Sir Andrew agrees to the duel with Cesario. This is an example of irony, as we know his attempts will not be triumphant as Olivia is in love with Cesario.Malvolio also has feelings for Olivia but his feelings are for selfish motives To be count MalvolioHere Malvolio dreams of marrying Olivia even though he is merely a steward. He then says There is example for it the Lady of the Strachy married the yeoman of the wardrobe.He says this to justify his dreams and to make himself believe that he will have a chance of love with Olivia.He is gulled into feeling that he in fact does have a chance with Olivia when Maria leaves a fraudulent letter from Olivia. Malvolios self-love allows him to assure himself that Olivia did in fact hold open the letter and that she does love him.Malvolio doesnt need much persuading and he immediately sets about following the letters instructionsHes in yellow stockings which are most villainously sweep up gartered.It seems that Malvolio does obey every point of the letter, showing his foolish, self-absorbed nature.We, again, know that Malvolio doesnt have a chance of happiness with Olivia, not only because she is in love with Cesario but also because he is merely a steward.One of the more successful relationships that develops from friendship to love is that between Sir Toby and Maria. In the earlier scenes of the play we see the flourishing relationship between the two. They subtly show their feelings to one another throughout the play. This is evident whilst they indulge in verbal banter. Maria makes their early friendship obvious when she tells how she worries about Tobys luxurious lifestyleThat drinking and quaffing will undo you.Toby, however, expresses his feelings in a more crude wayboard her, woe her, fill out her.The formulating plan to gull Malvolio strengthens Maria and Tobys relationshipI could marry that wench for this device.Toby refers to Maria using comic comparisons, she is a beagle true bred and good night Penthesila, commenting on her diminutive size.In Act 25 Toby greet Maria withHow now, my metal of India?proving that he thinks highly of her, comparing her to pure gold. We see how far-off the ir relationship has progressed when in Act 51 Fabian informs the characters Maria writ the letter, at Sir Tobys great importance, In recompense whereof he hath married her.The most memorable example of love in the play is that of Orsinos for Viola. Not only does the idea of a man falling for another man add comedy take to be to the play, it also provides some touching heart rendering scenes. Many of these scenes evoke sympathy towards Viola as she cant express her returned feeling for Orsino due to her disguisemy initiate had a daughter loved a man as it might be perhaps, where I a woman I should your lordship.In Twelfth Night the theme of love brings comedy to the play and evokes a number of feelings such a sympathy, wonder, confusion and of course laughter. It also confronts issues, which many people can name to, making Twelfth Night a fun and memorable play.

Percentage Composition by Mass of Magnesium Oxide Essay

Percentage composition by mass of atomic number 12 oxide Report Objective To measure and calculate the ratio of milligram to oxygen in magnesium oxide. To comp be the lab ratio to the percent composition calculation based on the formula. Hypothesis Based on the justness of definite proportions, the percentage composition of magnesium oxide should be around 60% magnesium and 40% oxygen.Materials* Goggles* Centigram or analytical balance* 2-4 cm magnesium ribbon* Steel Wool* Porcelain crucible and lid* Bunsen Burner* Retort Stand* Ring Stand and Clamp* Clay Triangle* Crucible tongs* Glass Stirring Rod * Distilled WaterCalculations + ObservationPlease see the back of the report.DiscussionB) The fact that magnesium oxide was formed, which is a new substance, proved that a chemical reaction had taken place. E) Yes, the law of definite proportions is valid, because most of the other groups that had not encountered as many an(prenominal) errors as us and they had more accurate results w hich were enveloping(prenominal) to the predicted compositions according to the law. The rest had similar results to us which proves that their errors were similar to ours. H) The white film on the surface of the magnesium was polished because it prevents reactions of magnesium and gas elements in the air. This was infallible because we wanted magnesium to react with oxygen and therefore had to remove the white film.ConclusionJ) Yes, the law of definite proportions is valid, because most of the other groups that had not encountered as many errors as us had more accurate results. The rest had similar results which proves that their errors were similar as well. Sources of errorYou have to be very precautious while doing this taste. Here are reasons/possible errors that could have been encountered * The magnesium oxide could have been lost through the crucible during the heating process. This could result in the loss of the product. To prevent this, the lid should be caboodle sligh tly off-center on the crucible so that only the air goes in.* When the glass inhalation rod was used to crush the magnesium, there is a mellowed chance that the magnesium oxide could have been left on it before adding the peeing, resulting in the loss of product. To prevent this, the stirring rod should be held above the crucible and then pour the water slowly on to the end of the stirring rod so that the water would run down into the crucible while dragging the MgO from the stirring rod. * Magnesium could have not reacted with oxygen completely. * The crucible might be left dirty with other particles in it that could have made variations in the MgO reaction.* The water could be contaminated.* All water might not have evaporated.* Magnesium having not been crushed completely into powder after reaction.* Rushing through experiment because of lack of time.* Chance of Problem with weighing scale.* Crucible had extra weight due to extra contents that were unseen.

Plato and Aristotle Essay

Plato and Aristotle both have been very influential as the antediluvian patriarch Greek philosophers. Aristotle was a student of Plato and there are numerous similarities between these intellectual giants of the ancient world but there are also many things that distinguish them from each other. Aristotle was far more empirical-minded than Plato. First, Platos school of thought relegated the material, physical world to a sort of metaphysical second class.His contention was that the abstract truths of the mind-mathematical truths, moral and normative truths about saints-are what really matter in life and in philosophy, and that the empirical world around us consists of merely poor copies of these ideals. By contrast, Aristotle did as much or more work in what we would today call cognition (physics, biology, etc. ) as in what remains a part of philosophy. piece Aristotle certainly did important work in ethics and related areas, he concentrated as much or more on examining the mate rial world.Plato eject be read at times as being quite disparaging of science. This is not true of Aristotle. Second, the difference in the approaches and values of these two philosophers resulted in very different political philosophies. Platos political philosophy, which can be found principally in the Republic. For him, the just state is one ruled by ascetic philosophers who have been raised from birth not to value material reward or exclusive human connections, even with their own kin. They are the ideal of wise, objective, fair-minded, ultra-rational beings.In contrast to Platos utopian political philosophy, Aristotles political philosophy, which can be found principally in the Politics, has a large fragment of descriptive political science. When he does argue for certain political schemes, they tend to be incremental improvements on existing systems. Like his teacher Plato, Aristotles philosophy aims at the universal. Aristotle, however, finds the universal in particular thi ngs, which he calls the essence of things, while Plato finds that the universal exists apart from particular things. Aristotle makes philosophy coextensive with reasoning, which he also would attain as science.Note, however, that his use of the term science carries a different meaning than that covered by the term scientific method. For Aristotle, all science is practical, poetical or theoretical. By practical science, he means ethics and politics by poetical science, he means the study of song and the other fine arts by theoretical science, he means physics, mathematics and metaphysics. In general, Plato is the more extravagant thinker, the thinking outside the box compositors case who was equal parts brilliant and bizarre in his ideas. Aristotle is more the cool, logical, dry, systematic thinker whose works tend to read like encyclopedias.

Human Services Essay

Human Services befriend provide essential resources for those in need. Dedication by advocates and humane work workers service of process assist a wide range of social needs. Areas of focus argon manpowertal/physical control, self-sufficiency, and rehabilitation. The professionals that make up the human services industry are unique, their passionate about helping others. When working with clients its important to gain trust and relationship building is a must. Familiarity will help produce everlasting bonds and increase overall client progression.I am passionate about raising the awareness and help prevent the revolving door of men going in and out of prison house. The picture is very predictable as it is distressing about the revolving door of men going to prison. Once these men pull up stakes prison they come home with few new positive or marketable skills and more bad habits than they had before they went to prison. They have little supervision, which will sight encourageme nt to these men that someone will hold them accountable to make sure they are during what they are suppose to be doing.These men have a hard time finding gainful employment that they can take care of themselves. As a result, they fall back into the same behaviors that sent them to prison in the first place. Rather we believe this or not, the prison system is not to rehabilitate people, it is there to punish people for braking laws. All of this leads to high array of recidivism and a virtual revolving door, with people going back into prison almost as fast as they leave it.Be able to be a good advocate you have to be able informed those who dont really know what it is you stand for. As an advocate about the firmness doors of prison I have to be able to present facts about why this happening to these men and what it is I can do to help lessen down this ongoing crisis. For example, it is a known fact that every year that over 50% of every person that is release from prison will bot h catch a new case or return back to prison in Missouri.The reason this is happening at a rapid rate here in Missouri is because there is not a lot of programs on the state level to help those who are being release to help with job opportunities, educational programs besides retaining a GED if you dont have one, but after that a person has to make a decision on their own if they wish to further their education. So as an advocate of stopping the resolving doors, I will give the facts to those individuals that their chances of just making it on GED are slim to none. An advocate has to be proactive in what they believe in to get the results that will help those who they believe in.

Willpower

Even with the natural aptitudes to exceed them, it is necessary to work on an lather to do It. Pursue this goals is key for our mastery and happiness, but many distractions are going to be confront little distractions with a wrong Idea of freedom that keep develop in big problems and make us slaves of our desires. To avoid this and stay In a good way, we hire to make use of our givepower, and learn better owe It works.There are little things that make us happy Like eat folderol cream, listen to music, hang out with friends, buy a thin dress And there Is no need to stop doing this. But It Is important to understand that we need to do it with moderation. We can not let this whims manage our life nor distract us from our goals, for our life would become senseless. Discipline will let us result our goals, the lack of it will make us lose them. Goals give a centre to our lives, and a meaning is necessary to be happy.This self-control nurture us moving forward, achieving obj ectives, growing like human beings it means, success in life. But also, it give us the freedom that we deserve, economically and mentally. Losing control of impulses and desires make us undefended to be controlled by others, and so we lost our freedom. With the force of willpower, nobody but us will formula our life. Having been clear why willpower is important, it worth to say a couple of tips about how to maintain it.First, we can not expect to control ourselves every time, with everything, because the willpower becomes momentarily exhausted so we need to be smart choosing our regulations to fulfill our resolutions. And second, it is extremely important not sublimate little acts of discipline, like make our sleep together or take care of our appearance, for this help us strengthen the willpower and avoid fail on future tasks. Many things can be said about willpower, but this time I solitary(prenominal) wanted to highlight some points self-control helps us to malting a meaning In our life and reach peppiness, as well as give us freedom, something that we can not Ignore.And we never should stop dressing our willpower sometimes we fall applying It, but with the time, It will be easier control ourselves. Willpower By Feline-Pacer Velasquez every(prenominal) person in the world has their own goals, objectives to accomplish in a long or a effort to do it. Pursue this goals is key for our success and happiness, but many distractions are going to be present little distractions with a wrong idea of freedom ND stay in a good way, we need to make use of our willpower, and understand better how it works.There are little things that make us happy like eat ice cream, listen to music, hang out with friends, buy a nice dress And there is no need to stop doing this. But it is some points self-control helps us to maintain a meaning in our life and reach happiness, as well as give us freedom, something that we can not ignore. And we never should stop training our willpow er sometimes we fail applying it, but with the time, it will be easier control ourselves.

“Sequel” to Fahrenheit 451

Burning B rightly, Burning dependable It was that cartridge clip of day when the afternoon bargonly gave away to the glorious winders of the night. The birds had blockped chirping and the many creatures that stir reddish in the ruins of the city, those that found it livable, had retreated to their underground homes. It had been a decennium, a lifetime since the city had been reduced to rubble. The radiation electrostatic lingered in the air. It added a new taste, similar to the taste of an orange or a lemon. The crater from the assail had been filled with rainwater to form a lagoon.The rivers natural current carried away the radioactive dust to the forest where, undoubtedly, the creatures of the forest would drink the contaminated water. There had been an occasional drizzle now and then lush most of the wood in the area. Montag had managed though. He had distinguish prepared essay writer helper. It withalk him terce blanket(a) hours to build the raft and funeral pyre in w hich Fabers form now rested on. He heared at the horizon just in time to catch the everlasting rays of the sun fade to the night and began. Faber, my adept friend it has been awhile since we talked. Almost trinity months.I heard that you were shooting propaganda somewhere by the Eastern betrothal probably condemning the unworthy fools that fought against us. Remember when we first met? You called yourself a coward for non stand up to stop the madness when it was beginning. I always found it ironic that you would become the symbol of rebirth, that you would be dubbed the phoenix. A coward really, save that was not my decision to make, he stopped and took a breath. You were my mentor. When I was blind to the knowledge of books, you educated me you showed me what I was missing.You were everything I could ever ask for. Granger was thither for me, but you were there for me to the, I mean your, sulphurous end. I brush off remember when you were approached to a greater extent or less the face of the phoenix. That bright day in St. Louis. Faber, tell me what happened yesterday? I thought all was going well with your friend. He had printed books for us before Montag stopped. Why wont he do it now? Im afraid that he is no longer on our side of the battle, Faber said. Not on our side of the battle? Thats absurd One doesnt just simply stop being a savior, Montag said. Well he isnt trustworthy anymore. He had tricked us. Pulled the wool over our eyes. We were only seeing what we wanted to see. It was at that moment that Montag noticed the man standing in the corner of the room. He had his face turned away from us, but it was open-and-shut he was earshot to them. You there, who are you? Nobody. I heard that the almighty Guy Montag and the wise Faber were in town, I simply couldnt resist the opportunity of meeting them, said the strange man. Montag took a ethical look at him. He was well dressed. He was very well dressed.It was obvious that he knew who we we re and it was wish wellwise obvious that he was there for a reason. His fingernails were clean an indicator that he was no fighter. Either he was a very good ally to fork over, or a powerful enemy to dispose of. When he noticed Montag looking at him he gave a wry smile. He decided it was best to trample through the bush. Why are you here and what do you want? And this time dont be shy to tell us your real name. Montag asked. My oh my, the rumors about you are true. You see Mr. Montag I want to help you. You could say that I hurl friends in high places, places that can help you.While you necessitate been fighting your wars silently, and rather immaturely, some of us, he paused, have been cerebration of the bigger picture, he stopped as he met Montags cool but hurtful gaze. What are you implying? Nothing at all. Just an vortex to, how do I put this? Just an offer to help move things along. We want to take the war public, the man said. Montag raised his eyebrows until they al most became part of his corner hairline. I dont know what rock you have been living under but it is obvious that you have lived a very luxurious life up until now.The war was thrown out of the shadows three years ago. I know that, the man replied, but there was never a reason. What? Montag said. For the past three years we have been fighting a war about nothing. Some say its about money. Others? They say the world is hungry. Its a blind mans game. You may be thinking about what I think. I think that the world is hungry. Its hungry for knowledge, for books. Some of us deliberate it is time to throw it out in the open to light the flames under the fire. To throw something out in the open, we exigency a face.Somebody that will inspire and mock every policy and rule that the government symbolizes. We need a phoenix. Im not interested, Montag replied. I was expecting that, he answered, Thats why I wasnt going to ask you. He turned to Faber and said, We need a face but we think Mo ntag has too much baggage attached to it. It may scare some, to see a dead man come to life. You on the other hand are a somebody that became a nobody. Your wounds have healed, have they not? Why not find the strength to rise from the ashes? Faber, why wont you join me? Montag stood stun in silence.He had been rejected. Faber was sitting there looking at his damn, shaking hands. He had been offered to be the face of a rebellion, to lead a revolution yet he sat there, solemn as a statue. ultimately he spoke I am not a phoenix. I, at the very best, can be compared to a humble field mouse. I was a coward when it all began. I watched books burn in trend of me but did nothing of it because I was too afraid to change anything. I decline your offer. I was also expecting that. A sudden flash of emotion passed through his eyes, like a fox that knew his prey would be his. I havent even introduced myself yet. Here I am, trying to convince you to start a revolution with me, yet you do not even know my name. My name is Hubert Hoag. He looked nothing like the man Montag had seen on the parlor walls. Albeit he was short like him, but he must have lost weight. A quick glance at Faber showed that he wasnt the least bit surprised. Faber I know that you failed when it began. I also know that you arent exactly the bravest but this is your chance at redemption. You can finally fix the mistakes you made when it was all beginning, Hubert said.Montag was back in the forest with Granger. He remembered what he had said. That it was the right kind of mistakes to be where they are now. Montag opened his mouth to protest but was interrupted by Faber. Ill do it, Faber said in a sharp whisper. Ill do it, he said with more confidence. Ill start a rebellion. Hoag gave a smile like he knew that the stars would align for him. He stood up and said, Excellent. Ill be in contact with you soon. We didnt see Hoag for three months. When we were contacted things changed. Things changed fast. Faber was soon an international icon.He looked younger and radiated power. Hoag and his friends dressed him in the effigy of the revolution and soon there were ads and posters everywhere. That was then. Now things had changed. Montag was back in the ashes of the city. The hurrying of various animals in the bones of the dead brought back his fond memories of Faber. The sun was nowhere to be seen. It was fag the mountains, hiding, like Faber. He turned to the one animate body of Faber. How does it feel Faber? To start a revolution. When they look back in history, whether or not we won the war, you will be remembered.But your arrogance got the best of you. You were no humble field mouse. You looked at yourself as the new phoenix. You had risen from the ashes of the old and were ready to guide piece to this new age. Spending time with Hoag got the best of you. Soon you were thinking like them. You words were weak and empty. You became the image that you were trying to fight. You be came a problem, Montag said. He looked around. It was around midnight. Not even the moon showered him with its pale glowing light. He lit a match. A match that he had used such a long time ago to burn others, to burn his problems.And then he was somewhere else, thinking about how a decade ago he had the same problem with another. The wise words of Beatty rang in his head Dont face a problem, burn it Beatty, Ive done just that. He looked on to see the body of Faber leaning against the funeral pyre in such a way that it would collapse into a beautiful red flower once the match had engulfed the small raft. He thought of the phoenix. Faber, you were to be the phoenix. The rebirth of man advance from the ashes. You were a failure. Maybe all we need to do is burn the ashes one more time.

Explain the Impact of the Stanford Prison Experiment on Psychology and Behaviour Essay

The Stanford prison house experiment ,led by professor Philip Zimbardo, was aimed at seeing the effect on sight on becoming prisoners or prison guards. The idea was to see what happens to people when they be wander in relatively evil places. Do the people themselves become evil or is on that point no net effect? The results indicated that in fact people adapt to their role exceptionally well. It was observed that the prison guards became everywherely tyrannical to the level of sadism.In consequence the prisoners were seen to be under severe stress to the uttermost that they became crazy or depressed. 24 volunteers were selected that had no psychological problems, health issues or any past criminal offence accounts. They were brought to a mock prison set up in the basement of the Stanford universitys psychology expression where they were randomly assigned to be prisoners or guards. 3 prisoners each were given rooms that they had to live in for 24 hours of the day and the guar ds were given 8 hour shifts to work in.The issue was observed upon using cameras and microphones. They study was supposed to last for 14 days but had to be halted after 6 days overdue to extreme unethical practices in the prison. The Stanford prison experiment showed us that human beings alter to the bit they are enjoin in. The guards won total control over the prisoners who blindly followed orders. All of this in just 5 days of experimental conditions. Zimbardo said that the prisoners had internalised their roles and thus continued to participate in the experiment on their witness will.One example of this is when they introduced themselves to the priest with their serial number rather than their real name. Another example would be of the prison consultant who took on the role of an autocratic head of the parole board. After the experiment was over he was said to be disgusted at the person he had become. In essence there were two groups created among the volunteers, therefore, according to social identity theory ,people in the in-group would exhibit in-group favouritism and a superstar of discrimination of the out-group.This gage explain the unanimity between the guards themselves and their certain dislike towards the inmates. To further build on this ,the idea of the prison guards being a group may evoke the feeling of anonymity, which would allow the guards to be to a greater extent free and aggressive as they could shake off responsibility for their actions. This is called deindividuation theory. It may be a cause of the violence occurred on the prisoners by the guards as there is a diffusion of responsibility. The Self-fulfilling prophecy states that when a person is given a label we often live up to that expectation.In the same vogue ,as the volunteers were given labels, they tried to live up to that expectation and thus acted in the way they thought they should. moreover it can be said that the volunteers had set stereotypes on the idea of a pri son guard and prisoner. It can be assumed that these stereotypes illustrated the prison guards to be strong and authoritative. It could also be an illusionary correlation make by them through watching films or through media (which means that they attribute the behaviour of the prison guards to their craving rather than situation FAE).The theory of cognitive dissonance can also be used to attend why the prisoners and guards acted this way. They had to alter their mind-set(attitudes) to match with their behaviours so that there was no tension in their self identity. The situation put the prisoners in certain set roles that they tried to live up to and thus they changed their behaviour. This experiment on with Milligrams shock experiment demonstrates the fundamental attribution error which says that there is a overreckoning of dispositional factors and under-estimation of situational factors when we attribute.It changed the way we looked at psychology in a socio-cultural aspect. Th is experiment has helped us understand how good people do bad things such as the torture of Iraqi prisoners in the Abu Gharib prison, which was a real look example of the same results obtained by Zimabardo. It was also used to investigate matters such as prison riots and ill-treat of juveniles in many prisons. Young adults are also known to be former hungry. Their lust for power might arrive at changed the way they would have normally behaved. The prisoners were made powerless and thus started to behave in such a way.They became depressed ,helpless and unstable. Thus it can be said that power also bear upon their behaviour. In relation to gender I believe that there would not have been much diversity in the experiment as people, male or female, tend to have similar schematic impact when it comes to social perceptions of a certain group or individuals. If conducted with only females it is more likely that there would have been lesser violence as it has been researched that tes tosterone, which is much more predominating in males, is a cause of sexual rousing and aggression.Culture would not affect the behaviour as everybody needs some power in their carriage and if power is stolen from us we tend to become unstable. Lastly, it can be argued that all the volunteers of the experiment were college students. These students are more likely to be aggressive, as they would have higher testosterone levels compared to older guards in regular prisons. The volunteers were mostly smock males who were on average ,financially stable, which when compared to regular prisoners would not equate well as people in prisons are usually financially unstable.It goes without saying that this experiment was extremely unethical. It did harmed the volunteers both physically and mentally as they were put under severe stress as well as physical torture. Their consent forms were not pinpoint as it id not involve the details of the experiment. The volunteers did not know what they w ere getting themselves into , for example strip searched which is a violation itself. They were also ,without prior knowledge ,arrested.Zimbardo himself became the super-intendant and did not abide by his role as a psychologist ,which should have been the case to have an unbiased study. The experiment had no controls and thus is therefore severely criticised. whence the validity and ethics of this experiment, relating to its method are questioned. In conclusion, the experiment was a path breaking coiffe that opened our eyes to show us the vulnerability of our race in terms of conformity and how we adapt to our situations especially when it comes to the fight for power.