Project Management Of IT Projects

envision man ripenment Of IT ProjectsAlthough computer re master(prenominal)ss hold been employed since the mid-s plainties in signifi tooshiet screenings military, civil, government, finance, trading and so on, unlike completely a nonher(prenominal) engineering discip broth the achievement rate of ICT realizes re main(prenominal)s unacceptably low. withdraw and discuss why ICT visualizes fail and what measures butt joint be taken to remedy the chance of success.ICT Project is the development and forward of an ICT dodge where as an ICT placement is a combination of computer hardw ar, softw ar, input and push throughput, activity data or cultivation and the personal that have to use it.ICT Projects end bring forms and remediate make-upal activities. condescension and processes fanny become more than effective and expeditious by the use of information and communication engine room (ICT) remainss as in case with engineering discipline but unfortunately in (predicate) appli messts in other field like military, civil, government is still suspicionable even they argon employed thither since very long.Performance evaluation of the protrude fuck besides direct the determination of victory or die of an ICT device. Also such evaluations give the bounce non be justified as good or bad without the successful national presentation of such nominate.The core hold dear of round(prenominal) of the ICT projects sack be accomplished to figure out its capability to give the organization in finding right result to its troubles. The adaptability of ICT frame and its overheads foot yet be crystalline if at that place argon benefits accruing to it. Few of the benefits can be listed as belowEscalating capacity of systemEfficient approach shot to dataImproved efficiency and rigsTransp argonncy SimplicityLessening of followQuality ServiceEnhanced and effective decision making misery OF ICT PROJECTSRegard slight of the successful s tories of ICT projects around the world, studies have proved high travel rapidly of ICT Project mischance. These failure can be all project stakeholder expectations or correspondence failure where the project failed to strike the specified preys such as enhancing efficiency, upgrading in resource utilization, superior output etc. It can be process failure which refers to plan over displaces, resources blowouts and it may be interaction failure where new system may be or was used curtly and then terminate or occasionally used or not used at all. Although benefits of ICT cannot be disputed but there ar several issues and points well-nigh its achievements as well as the approach in its executing. Triumph of any project can be evaluated or metrical on different factors but success of information and communication engineering science (ICT) project depends upon sniply completion within budget, trus dickensrthiness (bug-free), user friendliness, voiced inexpensive alteration and maintenance in addition that it essential(prenominal) meet particularisedations, goals and satisfaction of users.In order to understand the extremity of ICT failure, we need to categorise failures related to information systems which can be expert breakdown, project collapse, organizational crash, environmental breakdown, developmental stoppage and user disappointmentICT failure can be categorized depending upon the degree of its achievement or usage. It can be total failure where initially the ICT was never passed or in which a new system was put into action but now discarded. It can be considered as partial failure as study goals ar unattained or in which there are major undesired results. There is another class of sustainability failure where an initial capital punishment was beginning(a) succeeded but is then neglected after a year or so.REASONS FOR FAILURE OF ICT PROJECTSThe failure factors which prevent smooth execution of ICT projects can either be Infrastru cture, finance, poor data system, neglect of compatibility, skilled personnel, leadership styles, culture, bureaucracy and attitudes There are certain factors which may not prevent the execution or implementation of projects and can the hinder system advancement and its sustainability. Among them are drug user needs, Technology, Coordination, ICT policy, and Donor pressure.There can be a particular propositionise of reasons, which require a detailed and careful review to to the full aim. ICT projects are often too ambitious and too complex because of the combination of the political, organizational and technical factors lacking top management prop up, insufficient resources of project, lack of user input, poor project management, design problems, scarce raising, unsuitable technologies, and more a(prenominal) more including incomplete requirements, changing requirements, technology Incompetence, un pragmatic expectation. Therefore Projects run into problems, they get far m ore expensive than budgeted, need more clock than planned or do not deliver the intended results. Unfortunately, project failures can also be related to lack of post-mortem probes across all sectors (private and public). Organizations are neither interested to achieve organizational erudition for themselves nor are they allocate their difficult experiences with others.Vision without substance and a budget without imagery are both sorts of home roleplay. Problems encountered encase of pot without substance are ambiguity of future vision, lack of organizational vision, current position and date. figure without vision arises questions as to what problem is being solved, priorities and definition of the roles and responsibilities.Poor Project planning in organizations are due to lack of assay management, business systems are not utilized and understood completely and also lack of hit involvement from management.MEASURES FOR THE SUCCESS OF ICT PROJECTSuccess or failure of any ICT project can be measured by localizeing institution where we they are now and where the new project is taking them. Success factors are those whose posture or absence establish the success of an ICT project. They can be drivers or enabler. Some of these are vision and strategy, stakeholders support, external pressure and cooperation, consumer expectations, technological alteration, upgrading, and globalisation in addition to effectual project coordination and good practices.Degree of change is proportionally related to risk of project success. Bigger change big businessman produces bigger organizational improvement at the appeal of big risk of project disaster whereas small change might promise less degree of change at the price of less project risk. and so we can say that there is a trade-off between threat and transformation.ICT projects can be designed according to models of engineering and managerial concepts. draught of complex technical systems in much more perplex affable surroundings through development of local receiptledge base systems can lead to avoid failures.Review by local sections and organizations to determine the extent of ICT failures can also be very useful and productive approach. These experts can make conclusive and detailed analysis and they can point out flaws and make recommendation for the improvement of ICT projects. Reports and lesson learnt should be available to other practitioners in other organizations for betterment of their projects.Division of the project in smaller groups and lordly subsidiary projects is better approach as changes during the project are some metres or often unavoidable and difficult to manage.Information systems qualities which are achieved via efficient ICT projects affect the perceived benefits. An ICT project implementation can be considered successful if the perceived benefits are determined and understood. ICT services quality can be reviewed after vigilant assessment of the infrastructu re to establish technical functionality. For casing with reference to net profiting different departments, the point to hang-up is whether it may be has been achieved successfully or not. This in turn depart involve a technical and user assessment of the efficient communication systems. Generation of information can be assessed to determine efficiency of Information system quality for budgeting purposes, the question might be whether the information system can generate study and timely financial information and data or not.Perceived benefits are the end products that can be used to judge the success of the substantial system. If the perceived benefits like easier communication, networking, and system integration, timely, relevant, complete and useful information are not realized, then the system get out be perceived to have failed. Attributes of from each one component are shown for clarity and focus.A familiar saying says, if you cannot plan it, you do not do it. Another m axim says, I never planned to fail, I just failed to plan. Project planning begins as soon as project planning activities determine the organizations strategy and identifies the ICT projects. under(a) the few limitations, project plans evolve with the lifecycle. These limitations are time and money so each project should have a define deadline and a blotto budget. Planning as a tool can be subservient in minimizing waste by telling the pre-requites conditions for successful ICT implementation rather than bang into a complex strategy. ICT needs careful planning, communication and coordination prior to implementation instead wise trial and error methods.Clarify goals, targets and objective lenss shall be established. These goals may form major role in planning process and at long last help in the successful implementation of ICT projects.ANALYSISImprovement in the ability of those involved in the design, execution and management of IT related projects shall be enhanced to solve and tackle specific contextual attributes of the institute, division, country or location where such ICT projects allow be implemented.Strategy and support are the core areas which lead to success of any ICT project and at the equivalent time finance and lack of fund in addition to powerless infrastructure leads to failure of such projects.Maximum benefits and output of ICT implementation can be achieved if there are no failure factors but its not possible but framework can be developed for the maximal output. This framework must cover and tell apart themes, prioritize activities develop computer programme of action, categorize target groups and in the lowest stage implement solutionsICT projects must be streamlined and established while focusing following approaches.never underestimate complex environment where ICT program evolves.Get maximum output and benefits for the target groupStaff shall be re-skilled to cop up with changes acknowledgment and utilization of new techno logiesHow institute processes will fit in technologyStrong and supportive program managementDont underestimate the total cost of ICT project.Part BCOMP1592 Organisation and Project commissionTutorial for workweek 1.5 Introduction to ICT Project ManagementUpload your answers in hebdomad 1.6 tip the problems you experienced when you carried out a recent assignment. Try to put these problems into some order of magnitude. For each problem consider whether there was some mien in which the problem could have been fastend by better organisation and planning by you.Risk managementteam management aggroup collaborationScheduleProject plan was impractical spot the main types of personnel employed in an ICT department. For each stage of a exemplary ICT development project, list the types of personnel who are likely to be involved.Business Analyst (who gathers requirements from client) dodging Analyst (based on the requirements, design the software)Solution interior designer (application is designed on the basis of technical specification) bundle Developers (who develops the software)Database developers (design and maintaining of DB)Quality Team (who tests the developed software)Configuration managerA public subroutine library is considering the implementation of a computer-based system to help administer book loans at libraries. grade the stakeholders in such a project. What might be the objectives of such a project and how might the success of the project be measured in practical terms?StakeholdersFollowing are the stakeholders for computer based library systemLibrarianLibrary StaffAdministrator/ Technical climb onBook Suppliers/ VolunteersPartner UniversitiesFriends of the Library (Providing funds and assistance to Library)Educators/ Trainers (train the usage of the system)Software House or company developing the computer based systemLibrary Users (those who lend the books)ObjectivesCataloguing (classification and indexing books)Compilation of books and the st uffControl of books circulation raceway usersEfficiently confirm the availability of booksAutomate the library loan system and make it computer basedSystem will be fully authenticated as it will be solely based on computerIssue and return dates will be catered by the system which will watch that no preference is given to any public user in case of late return.Automation and authentication will be achieved.Record of all the books will be managed and kept up to dateSuccess of the projectSuccess of the project will be measured on the following contentionsProductive system usageSystem efficiencyGradual rise in users will predict the successEase and comfort for publicReduction of staffConfidence of stakeholders on the systemAuthentication and automation is an important factorAuthentication i.e. more authenticated the system is more will be its progress4. A software house has developed a customised order processing system for a client. You are an employee of the software house that has been asked to organize a education prevail for the end-users of the system. At present, a user handbook has been produced, but no specific training material. A plan is now needed for the project which will set up the delivery of the training courses. The project can be assumed to have been completed when the first training course starts. Among the things that will need to be considered are the followingTraining materials will need to be designed and inducedA timetable will need to be drafted and agreedDate(s) for the course will need to be arrangedThe citizenry attending the course will need to be identified and notified cortege and computer facilities for the course will need to be provided for.A. learn the main stakeholders for this projectSoftware HouseSoftware developersTrainersEnd users/ ClientCustomers of client (must not be an end user)B. transcend up a education of the objectives for this projectEvaluation, planning and business handling in an efficient manner.Identif y and develop connections between gross revenue, planning and purchasing (by using tools such as flow charts and activity diagrams)Create business to business environment by creating link with customers.Encourage staff input to identify problems and solutions.Handling customers feedback.C. for the objectives, identify the measures of effectivenessEvaluation, planning and business handling efficient report multiplication and boost the business.Identify and develop connections between sales, planning and purchasing by comparison with previous recordsCreate business to business environment by creating link with customers gradual rise of customersEncourage staff input to identify problems and solutions system improvement and staff satisfaction.Handling customers feedback customers satisfactionD. For each objective, identify relevant sub-objectives or goals and who would be trusty for each of themEvaluation, planning and business handling company management is the goal and sales team i s responsible.Identify and develop connections between sales, planning and purchasing sales team is responsibleCreate business to business environment by creating link with customers sales team is responsible.Encourage staff input to identify problems and solutions Human alternative department is responsible.Handling customers feedback Quality assurance department is responsible.Organisation and Project ManagementTutorial for Week 1.6 Introduction to Database DesignUpload your answers in Week 1.7A company providing pic storage on the weave needs a database to support the website. Visitors to the site can register by providing personal details including their email address, username and countersign. Once registered the user can create depiction albums into which they can upload their photographs (stored as files on the company server) along with a suitable provide and description. Users can add as many tags as they need to each one of their albums and their photos in order to classify them and enable meaningful searches. Design a database schema that fulfils these requirements. visitorusernamepasswordEmail address enteralbumAlbum IDname renderdescriptiontagsphotographphotographIDnametagsUsername is foreign key in photograph album and albumID is foreign key in photographConvert your logical schema from question 1 into a physical schema identifying each attribute data type.visitorUsernamePasswordEmailaddressPhotographalbumalbumIDNameCaptionDescriptionTagsPhotographphotographIDNametagsA visitor has multiple photo albums i.e. 1-n family between visitor and photo albumA photo album has multiple photographs in it i.e. 1-n relationship between photo album and photographWrite SQL statements which will implement the physical schema you created in question 2. Create some stash away statements which will populate your tables with example data.INSERT INTO photograph (photographID, caption, tags) value(photo1, caption1, tag1),(photo2, caption2, tag2)INSERT INTO pho tographalbum (albumID, name, caption, description, tags) VALUES(album1, name1, caption1, description1, tag1),(album2, name2, caption2, description2, tag2)INSERT INTO visitor (username, password, emailAddress) VALUES(visitor1, 12345, emailprotected),(visitor2, 12345, emailprotected)Using either the MySQL or Microsoft SQL Server database servers provided by the school implement your database using the SQL statements you created in question 3.SET SQL_MODE=NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO work TABLE IF non EXISTS photograph (photographID varchar(30) non NULL DEFAULT ,caption varchar(30) NOT NULL,tags varchar(30) NOT NULL,PRIMARY bring out (photographID)) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 pretend TABLE IF NOT EXISTS photographalbum (albumID varchar(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT ,name varchar(30) NOT NULL,caption varchar(30) NOT NULL,description varchar(30) NOT NULL,tags varchar(30) NOT NULL,PRIMARY discern (albumID)) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS visitor (username var char(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT ,password varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,emailAddress varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (username)) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1Write a SELECT statement which will output all of the filenames in an album with a tag interconnected punk created by a person called Leibovitz.COMP1592 Organisation and Project ManagementTutorial for Week 1.7 Critical ThinkingUpload your answers in Week 1.8For each of the following questions you must explain your strategy and approach to state the question. Simply providing an answer is not sufficient.1. In these designs there is a peculiar(prenominal) shape and a item colour such that any of the designs which has one, and only one, of these features is called a PHOG.If the Blue Diamond is a PHOG, could any of these other designs be a PHOG?Answer Since Blue Diamond is a PHOG, it means that the particular shape is Diamond or the particular colour is Blue. Based on this observation, we can say that Red Diamond (because it has the shape but not colour) or Blue Circle (because it has the colour but not shape) are PHOGs.2. Which of the hidden parts of these cards do you NEED to see in order to answer the following question decisively?For these cards is it honest that if there is a round of drinks on the left there is a distribute on the right?If above is ordering of respective cards, we should check Card-A and Card-D. For Card-A, if there is a circle on the right side and for Card-D, there is no circle on the left side, we can conclude that If there is a circle on the left there is a circle on the right.It is useless to check Card-B, because even if there is a circle or not, it shall not affect the conclusion drawn. akinly for Card-C, if there is a circle on left side, our conclusion shall be justified. And if there is no circle on the left side, it shall not affect the conclusion.3. There is a truth teller (always tells the truth), a liar (always lies), and one who some quantify answers truthfully and sometimes lies. Each person knows who is who. You may ask three yes or no questions to determine who is who. Each time you ask a question, it must only be directed to one of the people. You may ask the akin question more than once, but of course it will count towards your total.What are your questions and to whom will you ask them?Answer Let us call them TT, AL and TL to symbolize. All of them shall say NO if they are asked if they are a Liar so Ask TT If I ask AL if he is a Liar, what would his answer be? If he says YES, TT is a Liar. If he says NO TT, is a fair play Teller. Then ask AL If I ask TL if he is a Liar, what would his answer be? If he says YES, AL is a Liar. If he says NO, AL is a Truth Teller.And then ask TL If I asked TT if he is a Liar, what would his answer be? If he says YES, TL is a Liar. If he says NO, TL is a Truth Teller4. Three boxes are all denominate incorrectly, and you must get the labels right. The labels on the boxes read as follows corner 1 butto ns blow 2 coins Box 3 coins and buttonsTo agnize the information you need to move the labels to the correct boxes, you may remove a single(a) item from one of the boxes. You may not look into the boxes, nor pick them up and shake them, etc.Answer Since all labels are marked incorrectly, we know that the Box 3 marked with Coins or Buttons has any one of the two items and not both. Remove the label from this Box 3, pick one item from this Box 3 (it must be a coin or a button), remove the respective label (depending upon the item obtained) from other two boxes (Bow 1 or Box 2) and put it on this Box 3. directly we have Box 3 that has the right label on it. instantaneously there is one Box without a label and the other Box with incorrect label. Remove the incorrect label because it is on the box that must be having both Coins and Buttons. Put this label on the other Box and Coins or Button label on this box.In this way we have make the right labeling.COMP1592 Organisation and Proje ct ManagementWeek 1.8 Step judicious An approach to planning software projectsUpload your answers in Week 1.9What are the products created by the Step Wise planning process?Which of the following are not tonic objectives and why? food market research look into correspondent productsUser acceptance testing examine product requirementsUser training Test and EvaluateDesign database go through middlewareImprove network mathematical operation Measure MTBF impudent means Specific, Measurable, Acceptable, Realistic, Time FramedMarket query It is not a new objective because it is Specific to a particle of market, product and there is no time framed specifiedResearch Similar Products It is not a SMART objective because it is not mensurable with respect to other products. Also there are no time lines mentioned for it.User Acceptance Testing It is not a SMART objective because it is not time bound.Investigate Product Requirements It is not a SMART objective because the product is no t specified also there is no time line specified for it.User Training It is not a SMART objective because the User training is not measurable and also there is no time frame mentioned for it.Test and Evaluate It is not a SMART objective because there is no measuring parameter specified for evaluations. Also time frame is not available in which this testing and evaluation is to be done.Design Database It is explicitly specified that the database of application is to be developed. But it is not a SMART objective for there is no time specified for it.Implement Middleware This is a specific, measurable and earthy objective but not SMART because there are no timelines available for implementation.Improve Network Performance There are no measuring elements that are mentioned for this public presentation activity. Also time frame is not mentioned for it. It may be specific and realistic but not a SMART objective.Measure MTBF Measuring Mean Time between Failures is not a SMART objective b ecause there is no time line mentioned to perform this taskFor each of the objectives in Q2 which are not SMART re-writes the objective so that it may be considered as SMART. Explain your reasoning.SMART means Specific, Measurable, Acceptable, Realistic, and Time FramedMarket Research Perform Market Research in next 2 weeks to check for need of a mobile phone that supports instant texting at university level and include students of age between 18-24 years.This is a SMART objective for it is specific or so the work to be done, has time frame include into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable.Research Similar Products Perform a Research Study among shop keepers of market in 4 weeks to check for competitors of Nokia 6300.This is a SMART objective for it is specific round the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable.User Acceptance Testing Conduct Software Testing with at to the lowest degree 50 students to check for newl y developed Online Registration System in next 5 days.This is a SMART objective for it is specific round the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable.Investigate Product RequirementsHave tokenish of 5 meetings with client and prepare SRS archive of new Software to be developed by the end of this month.This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable.User TrainingArrange and ensure a single user training session for changes made in one of the modules. This training should not be of more than two hours.This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable.Test and EvaluateConduct thoroughgoing(a) testing of new Recording solution after taking minimum of 100 calls in 15 minutes. Repeat this activity 10 times at different timings.This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable.Implement MiddlewareDevelop the Middleware of Patient Education module in 2 weeks and restrain maximum of 4 available programmers.This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable.Improve Network PerformanceIdentify applications that have higher network usage and try to monitor and configure them for next 24 hours to gain 5% improvement in network performance.This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable.Measure MTBFExecute parallel applications and determine MTBF within 2 hours after connecting 10 users to it.This is a SMART objective for it is specific about the work to be done, has time frame included into it, and is measurable, realistic and acceptable.4. Amanda whole kit and caboodle for the Management Services department of a local authority. She has been active in organising the development of a computerised payroll processing system. The system is in the final stages of development. What products must exist before the activity test program can take place?ProductsSoftwareScopeContext (environment)Information Objectives (input and output)Functionality and performance requirementsObjectivesScopeContextWhat products does this activity create?Software Project Management activities areFeasibility ReportPlanning MonitoringExecution exertionDeliveryClosing End of program5. You are about to record on an assessed group project as part of your degree programme. Draw up a list of the risks which may affect your assignment outcome. by the piece classify the risks as high, medium and low. What can be done to reduce the impact of these risks on your project?Following are the risks that can be faced during this project or ac ademic assignment.Scale High Risk- HMedium Risk MLow Risk -RProject risksBudget (H)Budget risk can be reduced if the market value and demand of the project is marketed before.Schedule (M)Proper formal MS project plan will help reduce this risk.Personnel (L)Although it is an academic project and the personnel risk has lowCOMP1592 Organisation and Project Manageme